Terminology

Application layer: The seventh level of the 7-layer OSI model; examples of application layer protocols are AIM, DNS, FTP, HTTP, IMAP, MSN Messenger, POP3, SMTP, SNMP, TELNET, and Yahoo Messenger

Bandwidth management: The process of measuring and controlling the traffic on a network link to avoid network congestion and poor performance of the network

Client: Typically, the client (in a client-server architecture) is an application that runs on a personal computer or workstation, and relies on a server to perform some operations

Digital rights management: Technology used by publishers or copyright owners to control access to and usage of digital data

FTP: File Transfer Protocol, a protocol for exchanging files over the Internet

Gateway: A computer that serves as an entry point for a network; often acts as a firewall or a proxy server

Granular control: The ability to control separate components of a system

Hexadecimal: Refers to the base-16 number system

HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web

HTTP redirection: Also known as URL redirection, a technique on the Web for making a Web page available under many URLs

IPS: Intrusion Prevention Service

MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification for formatting non-ASCII messages such as graphics, audio, or video, so that they can be sent over the Internet

POP3: Post Office Protocol, a protocol used to retrieve email from a mail server; can be used with or without SMTP

Proxy: A computer that operates a network service that allows clients to make indirect network connections to other network services

SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol used for sending email messages between servers

UDP: User Datagram Protocol, a connectionless protocol that runs on top of IP networks